Dr. Ramil Ramzievich Garifullin of Kazan State University of Culture and Arts (Russia) presented nanopsychology as a science for the first time at the congress, Man facing the global challenge, held in 2006 (Philosophical Society of Tatarstan.Kazan), during the development of the lecture Nanophilosophy as a new vision of the world.
His hypothesis is based on the fact that advances in nanotechnology allow us to glimpse a psyche developing in fundamentally new conditions. He presented the main fields of action, the problems for its advancement and ventured a not too distant time in which brain signals will be transmitted directly through networks. A society open from the cerebral point of view concentrated in a psychosphere with a requirement to its members of a different attitude towards themselves, the world and humanity.
With the passage of time, it is surprising that the community of psychological science has not identified nanotechnology as a powerful tool to answer fundamental questions about cognition, perception, emotion and human action; advanced towards the consolidation of nanopsychology as one of its branches.
In opposition, international funding agencies have become interested in the intersection between psychology and nanotechnology. The U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, known as DARPA, has funded the Next Generation Non-Surgical Neurotechnology program, in which scientists from prestigious research labs explore how to make bidirectional brain-machine interfaces minimally or preferably noninvasive.
The Agency has awarded 2018 funding to six institutions for another phase of the program started in 2015. The selected projects are led by Battelle Memorial Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Palo Alto Research Center (PARC), Rice University, and Teledyne Scientific. Research is divided into two major groups: equipment looking for completely non-invasive interfaces and equipment using minimally invasive interface systems such as nanoparticles (nanotransducers) sent to the brain to produce the signal. An example of the latter is Battelle Memorial Institute's BrainSTORMS (Brain System for Transmitting or Receiving Electromagnetic Signals) Project. It aims to develop a minimally invasive interface system with magnetoelectric nanoparticles delivered non-surgically to neurons. These convert neuronal electrical signals into electromagnetic waves to be sent through the transceiver helmet placed in the user's skull (a real brain wifi) and from there to the computer. The helmet's transceiver can also send electromagnetic signals to the nanotransducers, which will convert them into electrical impulses capable of being processed (recorded) by the neural circuits, allowing bidirectional communication to and from the brain. A high-performance bidirectional brain-computer interface (BCI).
Research is divided into two major groups: equipment looking for completely non-invasive interfaces and equipment using minimally invasive interface systems such as nanoparticles (nanotransducers) sent to the brain to produce the signal. An example of the latter is Battelle Memorial Institute's BrainSTORMS (Brain System for Transmitting or Receiving Electromagnetic Signals) Project. It aims to develop a minimally invasive interface system with magnetoelectric nanoparticles delivered non-surgically to neurons. These convert neuronal electrical signals into electromagnetic waves to be sent through the transceiver helmet placed in the user's skull (a real brain wifi) and from there to the computer. The helmet's transceiver can also send electromagnetic signals to the nanotransducers, which will convert them into electrical impulses capable of being processed (recorded) by the neural circuits, allowing bidirectional communication to and from the brain.A high-performance bidirectional brain-computer interface (BCI).
When you go to see a psychologist, you simply establish a relationship based on dialogue from which the professional collaborates with you to help you understand your feelings and modify your behavior. The process usually takes a long time. Nanopsychology would make it possible to do something more precise and shorten treatments by establishing communication directly with the brain and modifying behaviors on it, obviating the interpretation through the language interface.
Dr. Nicholas Negroponte (founder of the Architecture Machine Group and the MIT Media Lab), of recognized prophetic aim demonstrated on other occasions, gave a conference in which he launched several predictions about what our future could be like. He conjectured with the possibility of depositing knowledge directly in the brain, after ingesting a pill with nanorobots to release them into the bloodstream and from there they are introduced into the capillaries connected to the neurons assembling circuits linked to the specific knowledge desired. He says: “In the future we will learn languages by taking a pill”. A whole nanopedagogy in continuous progress, if we take into consideration the current development of two projects: the Human Brain Project of the European Commission and the Brain Activity Map of the United States, designed to understand the functioning of the 89 billion neurons in our brain as the starting point of a brain technology.
In this context, we can try to offer an updated frame of reference for a future nanopsychology, presenting it as the science destined to study, externally to the individual, the impact of nanotechnological products on his psychic life and, internally, to help the understanding and modification of behaviors through a non-surgical bidirectional computer communication from and to the brain, eliminating the language interface, and also making possible the construction of different neuronal structures to incorporate new knowledge directly to the brain without going through another interface: the teaching-learning processes.
Bibliography.
Garifullin R.R. Nanopsychology as a New Science. Nanophilosophy as a New World-View, in Man in the Face of Global Challenge, Philosophical Society of Tatarstan. Kazan, 2006, pages 101-106.
Magnetism Plays Key Roles in DARPA Research to Develop Brain-Machine Interface without Surgery. Magnetics. Business & Technology. June 2021.
Henry Markra. The Human Brain Project. Research & Science. August 2012.Nuno R. B. Martins, Wolfram Erlhagen and Robert A. Freitas, Jr. Human Connectome Mapping and Monitoring Using Neuronanorobots. Journal of Evolution & Technology. Vol. 26. January 2016, pp. 1-24.
Kristin Leutwyler. Nicholas Negropontre: The wizard of cyberspace. Research and Science. October, 1995.
Larry Greenemeier. Therapeutic Nanobots. Research and Science. June 2015.
Nicholas Negroponte. In the future we will learn languages by taking a pill.
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