End of the First Quarter of the 21st Century.

Parallels between 1925 and 2025 in the Worldview of the Future.

When a century passes through its first twenty-five years, it does not yet display its most visible results, but it does define something more decisive: its foundations. The year 2025, as it closes the first quarter of the 21st century, makes it possible to observe this foundational process in perspective and to compare it with another structurally equivalent moment: the first twenty-five years of the 20th century.

Viewed retrospectively, those early years of the 20th century were not a mere accumulation of discoveries, but rather the construction of a conceptual and experimental framework from which, decades later, solid-state electronics, nuclear energy, rocketry, computing, cellular telephony, genetic engineering, biotechnology, and nanotechnology would emerge. These were not immediate applications, but principles that, over time, converged into complex technological systems.

During that period, physics occupied a structural position. The quantization of discontinuous energy proposed by Max Planck in 1900, Niels Bohr’s atomic model in 1913, Louis de Broglie’s wave–particle duality hypothesis in 1924, Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in 1925, and Erwin Schrödinger’s probabilistic atomic model in 1926 redefined the notion of matter. This redefinition made it possible to understand phenomena ranging from chemical bonds to the possibility of transforming nature through innovation based on the construction and manipulation of atoms and molecules, the remote conceptual basis of contemporary nanotechnology. All of this was made possible by the initial consolidation of a reliable atomic model.

It was only from the second half of the 20th century onward that this knowledge was translated into micro- and nanoelectronics, personal computing, and mobile telecommunications. The development of transistors (1947), operational amplifiers (1950s), integrated circuits (late 1950s), chips (1960s–1970s), and nanoscale devices (1990s–2000s) enabled computing and cellular telephony to become part of everyday life. Toward the end of the century, the integration of technology, information systems, and communication networks gave rise to an explicit convergence of technology, information and communication, identifiable as ICT convergence (Information and Communication Technologies), which prepared the ground for mass digitisation, the internet, and the current global algorithmic infrastructure of the 21st century.
From this perspective, the first twenty-five years of the 20th century can be understood as the incubation phase that laid the foundations of that century’s dominant technological paradigm: the control of matter and energy.
The first quarter of the 21st century presents a similar dynamic, though with different axes. The completion of the Human Genome Project (1990–2003) marked a turning point comparable to that of quantum physics a century earlier: life began to be understood as information through the reading and analysis of genes. From that point on, biotechnology, bioinformatics, personalized medicine, and gene editing became integrated within a single operational framework. In parallel, nanotechnology advanced toward functional applications (such as neurosynaptic nanochips), artificial intelligence consolidated as a transversal cognitive infrastructure, and neuroscience became articulated with computing.
It is in this context that the second major technological convergence, emerging around the year 2000, the NBIC convergence (Nano-Bio-Info and Cognotechnology), acquires centrality, not as a circumstantial label but as the initial structural feature of the 21st century in formation. Just as the 20th century was organized around the control of matter and energy, the 21st century has begun to organize itself around the convergence of life, information, and intelligence as an integrated system.
The parallel is reinforced on the geopolitical level. In both beginnings of the century, technological acceleration outpaced the capacity for social and political regulation. Today, competition for data, algorithmic capabilities, and technological resources, such as advanced chips and nanoscale technologies, redefines global power in much the same way that heavy industry and energy did a hundred years ago.
The deepest correspondence, however, is epistemological. In 1925, quantum physics called into question the idea of a fully determinable nature. In 2025, NBIC convergence is compelled to restructure itself into a third technological convergence: NIA (Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence), in order to clarify issues such as autonomy, intelligence, creativity, and identity. Uncertainty is no longer confined to matter; it now extends to artificial systems such as drones and gene-less humanoid robots that process information, learn, and make decisions in partially autonomous environments.
From this perspective, the closing of a century’s first quarter is not a final balance sheet but the identification of a threshold. The first twenty-five years of the 20th century made possible the technological world that came to dominate it. The first twenty-five years of the 21st century are configuring, still incompletely, a future in which NIA technological convergence redefines not only the prevailing technology, but also the conceptual frameworks of civilization and the very forms of production, validation, and circulation of knowledge.

Alberto L. D’Andrea

Bibliography

Alberto L. D’Andrea. Virtual Man & Robotic Man. Both Inmortals. Biotecnología & Nanotecnología al Instante. 2023. 
https://infobiotecnologia.blogspot.com/2023/06/virtual-man-robotic-man-both-inmortals.html

Alberto L. D’Andrea. Sinopsis proyectiva del siglo XXI. Biotecnología & Nanotecnología al Instante. 2023. 

https://infobiotecnologia.blogspot.com/2023/01/tratar-de-resumir-lo-sucedido-y-lo.html

Alberto L. D’Andrea. El punto de inflexión demográfico del siglo XXI.   ¿Cuándo ocurrirá la paridad demográfica humano-robot humanoide? Biotecnología & Nanotecnología al Instante. 2025. 

https://infobiotecnologia.blogspot.com/2025/08/el-punto-de-inflexion-demografico-del.html

AI at the core of a new technological convergence: NBIA

The term NBIC refers to the convergence of technologies in four key areas: Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Infotechnology (information technologies) and Cognotechnology. These areas are fundamental for their ability to transform and improve various aspects of society, the economy and the environment.

Infotechnology encompasses a set of tools, systems and processes used to manage, process and transmit information. These technologies include both hardware and software, as well as networks and systems that enable communication and data exchange. Within this category we find everything from computers and servers to applications, databases, information management systems, communication networks, internet and cybersecurity.

Cognotechnology, on the other hand, is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on developing and using technologies both to improve or enhance human cognitive abilities and to advance the development of artificial brains. It combines elements of neuroscience, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology and computer science, creating tools and systems that assist in memory, learning, decision-making and other mental processes.

In recent years, cognotechnology has experienced exponential growth, driven by its integration with infotechnology through a common substrate: artificial intelligence (AI). In this context, it is proposed to change the name of the convergence from NBIC to NBIA (Nanotechnology, Biotechnology and Artificial Intelligence). This change not only reflects current trends in science and technology, but also responds to the increasing centrality of AI in these fields. The new acronym NBIA is not merely a semantic adjustment, but a conceptual reconfiguration that recognizes the transformative impact of AI on technological convergence.

AI has advanced significantly, surpassing expectations by demonstrating its ability to improve cognitive processes through advanced algorithms, neural networks and deep learning techniques. Today, it not only replicates certain cognitive functions, but also extends and transforms them in ways that classical cognitive sciences had not anticipated. This is evidenced by its application in fields as varied as medicine, economics, education, robotics and security.

Furthermore, the integration of AI in NBIA emphasizes the practical and applied approach that characterizes emerging technologies. AI not only studies the workings of the human mind, as do cognitive sciences, but also creates and applies models capable of overcoming human limitations in specific tasks. This pragmatic approach is increasingly necessary in a world where the complexity and quantity of information exceeds human processing capacity.

The transition from NBIC to NBIA reflects the recognition of AI as an indispensable agent of change in today's technological and scientific evolution. This change does not imply the abandonment of NBICs, but rather a reconfiguration that places AI at the center of innovation, allowing it to empower and transform other technologies in ways that were unthinkable in the previous conceptual framework. Thus, NBIA represents not only a new acronym, but a new vision of the technological convergence of the future.

Complementary reading: 

El pensamiento complejo, la cuarta cultura y las NBIC. Biotecnología & Nanotecnología al Instante. 1 de junio 2013.

Viable the once unfeasible with bio and nanoeconomy.

There are areas on the planet that apparently have little benefit, they do not have minerals, fossil fuels, nor do their soils have the right characteristics to be cultivated. The lack of energy does not allow the establishment of industries and the generation of jobs. They are usually considered unviable areas by economists and abandoned to their fate. Young people emigrate in search of a better future and the existing towns languish. The picture described above is repeated across the entire surface of the planet. Now the bioeconomy and nanoeconomy based on the exponentially growing developments in biotechnology and nanotechnology seem to indicate that the once unfeasible is beginning to become viable. 

The following figure summarizes a series of possible, sustainable solutions, ranging from waste utilization and abundant energy generation to the production of advanced nanomaterials.    

Abundant energy production is based on the installation of solar panels, windmills, the generation of biogas from waste in biodigesters and thermoelectric power plants powered by biomass obtained from crops, microorganisms and microalgae, whether genetically modified or not, from which bioethanol, bio-oil and biodiesel can also be obtained.

Carbon dioxide from thermoelectric power plants and biogas generation can be used to obtain graphene, and to feed microalgae cultures capable of producing everything from medicines to omega-3 fatty acids. After extraction of the active principles, the rest of the microalgae can be used to obtain carbon nanotubes, a high value-added nanomaterial, by pyrolysis. In addition, new nanocatalysts also allow carbon dioxide to be converted into methane, increasing local energy production.

Energy self-sufficiency allows the installation of bioreactors to produce from “in vitro” meat to biopolymers and opens the door to multiple ventures, the installation of SMEs and businesses related to production and the general economic growth of the place. The economy of new technologies tends to horizontalize production in order to avoid the concentration of economic resources in a few. 

As an example, we will explain how from organic waste we can move on to the production of nanocomposite materials for 3D production in order to make products with high added value tending to make the area sustainable and with state-of-the-art technology. Biogas production generates methane and carbon dioxide. Both gases can be used to obtain nano-objects. 

Graphene and carbon nanotubes can be obtained from methane using the CVD (chemical vapor deposition) process. In parallel, organic waste can be used to produce polylactide (PLA), a biodegradable and recyclable polymer. Generally, fermentable waste is autoclaved at 121ºC for 20 minutes and then, by regulating the physicochemical conditions, a saccharification process is carried out with the enzyme glucosamylase and then Lactobacillus rhamnousus is added to convert the glucose produced into lactic acid. Finally, the lactic acid is used to synthesize PLA. Within nanostructured materials, nanocomposites of polymers with nano-objects present a high degree of current and future applications. In some nanocomposites, 1% graphene in the polymeric structure increases its strength by 100%. The possibility of being able to use PLA-graphene and PLA-carbon nanotube polymers obtained from waste in 3D printers allows the continuous or rotary production of a large number of products that can be used in the textile, food and automotive industries, among others.

A good example of the importance of the bioeconomy + nanoeconomy in the multidirectional society and its ability to make the once unfeasible viable.

Complementary reading:

Nanoeconomy and/or Bioeconomy

Nanoeconomy and/or Bioeconomy

Bioeconomy and nanoeconomy  emerged as a response to the problems raised by Physical Economics formulated by Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen (Vanderbilt University), through two publications: Analytical Economics (1966) and The Entropy Law and Economic Process (1971) in which the current economic and environmental problems are centered on the divorce between economic theories and the laws of nature.

Faced with the exponential and complex advance of these problems, close to his death, Nicolas Georgescu-Roegen has pointed out as the only possible solution to be able to respond to the growing demands of the nine primary human needs (health, energy, food, environmental care, clothing, housing, communication, transportation and defense), the emergence of integrated science-technologies capable of generating in time and form the necessary resources for all in order to restore the lost patterns and move towards a new equilibrium.

The answers have emerged from two integrated science-technologies capable of transforming nature: biotechnology and nanotechnology. Biotechnology, which uses living beings or parts of living beings, with its 65 million known genes and genetic engineering, and nanotechnology, with its capacity to innovate by building with atoms and molecules, provide the basis for new economies: The bioeconomy and the nanoeconomy, both included today under the denomination of economies of new technologies, tending to leave in the background the economy of globalization centered on the first technological convergence (information and communication technologies-ICTs) and incapable of responding to the economic and environmental needs of the 8 billion inhabitants of the planet.

The bioeconomy can provide answers to four primary human needs: health, food, energy and environmental care. Nanoeconomy, on the other hand, based on a technology with the capacity to innovate by building with atoms and molecules (of which the planet and human beings are made), is the only one with the real possibility of providing answers to all (the nine) primary human needs.

Let us take an example related to energy production. The generation of biomass consumes carbon dioxide. Then, when biomass is used as fuel, it generates carbon dioxide, which is reused by plants to generate biomass again, in an apparently neutral virtuous cycle of one of the main gases responsible for the greenhouse effect. However, the energy used in this cycle is only partially recovered, leaving a negative balance in the expenditure of usually non-renewable and polluting energies. On the other hand, the agricultural sector in general consumes the largest amount of fresh water on the planet (69%) which is contaminated with pesticides and fertilizers due to the extremely low and slow absorption of both products by plant roots. 95% of fertilizers and 99.9% of pesticides degrade before achieving their intended effects (Lowry et al. ACS Nano 2019, 13, 5, 5291-5305). In the case of nitrogen fertilizers dissolved in water they mostly end up as nitrogen oxides gases in the atmosphere, also contributing to the increase of the greenhouse effect.

Nanotechnology, on the other hand, with the appearance of nanopesticides and nanofertilizers for foliar application, makes it possible to reverse the slow absorption by plant roots, taking advantage of more than 90% of agrochemicals, reducing production costs and freshwater pollution. It also contributes to energy generation by improving the efficiency of solar panels through the use of some of its nanomaterials such as quantum dots. These allow, by regulating their diameter, to capture the infrared radiation (IR) that leaves the earth's surface at night and, when reflected in the clouds, produces global warming. In other words, they make it possible to create panels similar to solar panels but which generate photovoltaic energy at night using IR radiation. Other nanomaterials are making it possible to advance in the generation of energy in panels that work with ambient humidity and nanocatalysts capable of converting environmental carbon dioxide into methane (gas from stoves) among others and obtaining hydrogen fuel from water. New nanomaterials also improve the efficiency and durability of windmills. 

In short, the bio and nanoeconomy, with its technological bases, biotechnology that uses living beings or parts of living beings, with its 65 million known genes and genetic engineering, and nanotechnology with its capacity to innovate by building with atoms and molecules to provide answers to socioeconomic problems, are emerging as unique responses to the complexity of the needs of the earth with 8 billion inhabitants.

For a planet without direction, adrift in economic and environmental terms, an economy based on new technologies appears, capable of transforming nature to make life on earth possible.

Virtual Man & Robotic Man. Both Inmortals

Prof. Dr. Alberto L. D'Andrea.

Director of Nanotechnology and new technologies. 

CAECE University

It's been seventeen years since 2006, when Ramil Ramzievich Garifullin said on nanopsychology: "The time is not far off when brain signals are transmitted right through electron networks. Cerebrally open society concentrated in psychosphere can require from its members a different attitude to itself, world, and mankind. It is likely that memory of the individual psychic and the existence will gradually disappear leaving just the essence, which will be already not enough for the existence of the phenomenon of man." Last year, Michio Kaku points out:"...we'll digitalize human consciousness and travel through the universe at speed of light..." And during this current year, Prateek Desai asserts: "Humans wil be able to uploading their consciousness to a computer by the end of 2023". These last sayings might sound towards an inmortal virtual man, but in 2017, Dr Brian Cox expresses: "Humans will upload their minds to robots so they can be immortalized before you think of". This sentence moves towards inmortal robotized man. 

Such affirmative assertions are based on structure brain knowledge thru projects like Human Brain Proyect, from Europe Union and brain activiy map, coming from USA. The latter opens the possibility of making a brain human alike thanks to amazing results coming from nanotechnology, nanochips, nanobots... giving a way towards the software-mind, soft-awarely (digital copy of the mind). From human to artificial brain that's part of a robot. The other focus point is based on how to include features that are linked to our behaviours, our thinking and our feelings withing AI tools such as ChatGPT (files, videos, recordings, documents, pictures, ...). All these non-structured concepts related to our personality, all these well defined features that take us nearer to the virtual inmortal human attached to a notebook.

Figure 1. The virtual man and the robotic man. Both immortal.

We can see on Figure 1 a brief scheme of the roads that might take us to inmortality as such. A main concept is the one related to our awareness. Both exposed ways make a perceived consciousness. Erwin Schrödinger (Nobel Prize in Physics in 1933 by his work on quantum mechanics) said “The total number of minds in the universe is one. In fact, consciousness is a singularity phasing within all beings.”

There are two ways of achieving this, one that implies the ability of connecting our brain to an artificial brain, be it software-mind. This approach is made by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Proyects Agency - U.S. Department of Defense). It is an agency that's currently financing six international research groups related to wireless communication brain-computing that are based on physics and nanotechnology. The other approach is centered on giving personality aspects onto AI systems so they can have the same look, voice and consciuosness as human beings. Both approaches might complement and feed back each other.

Nanotechnology and AI are providing the basis for a new technological convergence, the third (NIC), which promises an immortal virtual human by the end of 2023 and an immortal robotic human before the middle of the 21st century.

Translated by Adrian Horacio Tozzi 

References.

Garifullin R.R. Nanopsychology as a New Science. Nanophilosophy as a New World-View, in Man in the Face of Global Challenge, Philosophical Society of Tatarstan. Kazan, 2006, páginas 101–106.

D’Andrea, Alberto Luis. Hombres y/o robots (Capítulo 8). La Convergencia de las Tecnologías Exponenciales y la Singularidad Tecnológica. Editorial Temas, Buenos Aires. 2017.

Erwin Schrödinger. ¿Qué es la vida? Editorial Espasa-Calpe. 1947. Buenos Aires. Argentina.

War and peace

A missile produces at least three hits. The one related to the physical damage-direct destruction in the place, another is linked to the investment done on its manufacturing that channels the economic resources of the country in the opposite direction to the needs of its population and finaly the environmental/ecological impact produced by the explosions. 

The contributions to human primary needs by new technologies as the nanotechnology are found in the nine areas acknown, health, food, energy, environmental care, housing, transportation, clothing, communication and defense. It always appears the word defense, but as a matter of fact if someone uses the technology as defense it is in response of aprevious attack. This dichotomy lies in the essence of the human being. Sigmund Freud said that human nature has the ability or faculty to either being good or bad due to its basic instintcs , eros and thanatos : love and death (thanatos). Despite our cultural evolution, the acts are determined by the balance between these two instintcs.

In a global society where films and series are full of scenes with firearms, a war may seems a normal everyday life act, not the awakening of a sleepy thanatos. The real fact should be a general rejection to each missile and a firm condemnation to the exponential growth, as its use may be increased massively.

The aforementioned context makes it necessary that the mayority of world population may gather or appropietate the knowledge to achieve new technologies to use them for the benefict of everybody and to avoid that minorities may size power and/or excessive wealth. A dichotomy similar to eros or thanatos and peace or war.

Additional reading:

¿Por qué Nanotecnología? 10 respuestas.

Biological and/or Social Movement of the matter.

A speech with Alexander Oparin.

The academic Alexander Oparin, on his book "Source and Evolution of Life (1969)" : "Life is a particular form and a very complex movement of the matter..." ,"it's doubtful that during last millennium, mankind has ever changed in a biological way, but acquired quite a power over nature, one without precedents, a power that comes from a social evolution, not from an individual-biological one..."  This tech-scientific social evolution allows us not only to move in high speed cars, trains or fly high in aeroplanes, but also to silence DNA, fix and modify genoms (CRISPR-Cas9) and develop artificial brains with neuromorphs nanochips and memristors. It's quite obvious that the complex movement of the matter doesn't depend on our natural biological development anymore; that the path to human progress be centered on the social form of the movement of the matter, an efective progress centered at the breakthrough of integrated sciences and technologies with the possibility of transforming nature: chemistry, nanotechnology and biotechnology. 

Returning to Alexander Oparin: "What makes quiet a difference, on qualitative terms, life from other forms of the movement of the matter, is the fact that on living bodies, many dozens, hundreds of thousands of chemical individual reactions are strictly coordinated in time and space, and they are combined in a certain and unified order of continuos self-renewal”. In short, our movement is based on the complex capacity of metabolism that allows us to get and to assure vital energy. The sun is the only source of energy that has supplied and still does supply the "factories of life", meaning the cells. From the solar gaining cells point of view, there's just two types: the ones that gather energy and the ones that has no chlorophyll, every cell of animal reign, it includes humans. It includes animals that eat vegetables (herbivores) as well as animals that eat animals that ate vegetables (carnivores). Maybe, human beings could have evolved over the millennia to directly capture sunlight, but that this did not happen. If we aim to extrapolate biological evolution comparing to the exponential growth of tech-scientific social environment, the real issue turns up being quantitative, and one would expect that environmental conditions make life on earth (environmental collapse) an impossible thing to happen. In the near future, when environmental conditions will make living as we know it and impossible fact, nanotechnolgy will be able to give us a transition from a mortal cellular human to an immortal humanized robot, through a conscious mind placed in an artificial brain.

A homo nanus (robot) fed by sun light, capable of living without water, food, oxygen, cells, gens...just battery operated...a timeless traveler thru the universe...A non-biological movement of matter to reduce the complexity and problems associated with your current vital mobility.

Alexander Oparin, thank you. 

Translation: Adrián Horacio Tozzi.

Further reading:

Alexander Oparin. El Origen y la Evolución de la Vida. Ediciones Curie. 1978. Buenos Aires.

Umberto Ítalo Gallasso. Célula, simbiosis y cáncer. 1982. Buenos Aires.

Nexus between current reality and imaginative to come.

On the essay about "Otras Inquisiciones" (Other Inquisitions), Jorge Luis Borges writes about existence on the nexus between  reality and imaginative (between the present and the past) , pointing out that history of literature shouldn't be the history about authors or about art, but history about collective spirit as a maker or a reader of literature. He develops then a broader question not about the history of some stuff but about everybody's future. Will this be the result of our collective imagination as humans?  
We live in a present reality, on a society with its own dynamics, on which we adapt on a daily basis. Everyone of us, with our knowledge and experience, tries to imagine how our future would be right here, on planet earth. So, there can be many imaginative futures, however, our road to some sort of future will depend on the availabity of the right nexus.

A sculptor first thinks about its work, then it comes design, but you need the right tools to be able to sculping it. If the right tools are just available, many sculpures might be developed, thus what its determinant to come just will be what can be invented from the convenient making. Having the proper technology allows us moving towards the imaginary to come, what we can control and we wish for. The nexus is all about current technology plus materials, tools, devices and systems. All of them, continuosly moving close together in quite an exponential way. They all are what constitutes future design within narrow boundaries, in a planet with way too many issues at the demographic,  economic and environmental levels. 

In this context, a science-technology appears, capable of transforming nature due to its ability to innovate by building atoms and molecules to respond to our primary needs. The chisel to sculpt something orderly in the midst of chaos is nanotechnology, with atomic-molecular factories and an economy designed to respond to the needs of all: nanoeconomycs. Its contribution to cognotechnology, thru neurosynaptic nanochips and memristors, among others, allow us to move towards the making of brains of quite similarity and same capability than human's, but with lower energy consumption, just ready to feed revolutionary robots. In the near future when environmental conditions will make living as we know it an impossible fact, nanotechnolgy will be able to give us a transition from a mortal celular human to an inmortal robotized human one, thru a soft-aware mind merged into an artificial brain. A homo nanus capable of living without water, food, oxygen, cells, gens... would only work with batteries... a timeless traveler thru the universe... 

Taking possession of the needed knowledge will allow us to model, from current reality, the imaginative to come; but not for all of us, just for a tiny group willing to cherish advanced knowledge.

Translation: Adrián Horacio Tozzi.

Complementary reading: ¿Llegarás a transferir tu software-mente a un cerebro artificial?

Plan NanoBio (NB)

I’ve presented a plan B at a TED Rosario ( Argentina) in 2013. It was B by Biotechnology, B by Bioeconomy and B by transgenic Biofactory ( it was subtitled in Spanish, English, German and Korean). It was an alternative to the current environmental an economic problems of a planet going adrift and with a plan A that had lost its way long time ago. After seven years it is clearly emerging that Biotechnology is not enough to solve all the current and future challenges in purpose to satisfy primary human necessities, as to know: food, health, energy, housing, clothing, transport, care of environment, communication and defense. Biotechnology, for example, provide biogas, bioethanol and biodiesel within the energy area. Meanwhile the Nanotechnology can provide a quantum dot solar cell, nanocatalysts to turn carbon dioxide into methane and better batteries for electric cars.

In the area of ​​health, biotechnology gives rise to biopharmaceuticals (eg, monoclonal antibodies) and biotechnological therapies (cell therapies and gene therapies), while nanotechnology revolutionizes the entry of drugs into the body with nasal entry nanoaerosols capable of replacing injections, nanoparticles to destroy cancer by localized surface plasmon resonance, nanorrobots for diagnosis and treatment and, biomimetics, to produce plastic antibodies and alternative antivirals. Nanotechnology responds to nine of the human needs identified and shares four of them with biotechnological developments: food, health, energy and care for the environment. Based on the foregoing and trying to understand the constant advancement of converging technologies, I believe that it is necessary to complement Plan B to save the world (planet) presented in 2013, today I have no doubt that we must advance in the context with a NanoBio (NB) plan coinciding in the initial letters with the technologies of the 21st century: the NBIC (Nano-Bio-Info and Cognotechnologies).

Additional information:

A Plan B (Bioeconomics, Biotechnology, Transgenic Biofactory) to save the world.    
Nanoeconomy Time

La convergencia de las tecnologías exponenciales y la singularidad tecnológica. Alberto L. D’Andrea (coordinador). 2017. Ed. Temas. Buenos Aires. Argentina.

Nanoeconomy Time

Macroeconomics and microeconomics were discussed for years without focusing specifically on the individual. Moving towards a context that would be necessary to overcome current problems implies for some persons to focus on the economic behavior of people and for others to respond to their economic needs. In principle, both positions complement each other, the first is based on knowledge and the second on know-how. Nanotechnology makes innovations by building with atoms and molecules. Such is its current development that within a very small nanoparticle, for example 10nm, it can locate and individualize each atom in 3D images.

It brings to light what was invisible up to now. The nanoeconomy makes the needs of each person visible, individualizing them and giving the necessary answers. Today, a law, a decree, or a resolution can benefit a certain number of people, not affect to others, and harm others. There is no real concern to make the problem of each individual visible, knowing how much he needs to live with dignity, considering what is necessary to have housing, food, transportation, health protection, etc. Then groups together those with similar needs and acts accordingly. Nanotechnology  makes visible  those people who were not until now.  The question is: Why aren't they? When you use a microscope you select the magnification according to what you need or want to observe. It is evident that the currently adrift economic construction started from top to bottom, macro, micro, ... It is unnatural because it never took into account the laws of nature, achieving not only a global economy but also an exponential environmental destruction. We are inevitably getting closer to the nanoeconomy, with the need to reverse the order from the bottom up, from individual needs to a  micro and macro, focused on the needs of people and not on arbitrary legislation.

It is time to incorporate the third leg into microeconomics and macroeconomics, it is time to make visible the needs of all the members of the planet, it is time for nanoeconomics.

Complementary reading:

Nanoeconomy & Nanotechnology

After the pandemic, the economy of new technologies.

The single idea of economy in which the economic prevails over the political and the market solves all the problems of the system in concurrence with competitiveness and free exchange, it cannot currently give answers to the demands of a planetary society of 7,500 million population. The most recent historical attempt to break with the current inconvenience of the economy came from Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen, one of the most notable and profound thinkers of modern economy. He launched two critical torpedoes to the current economy in his books Analytical Economics (1966) and The Entropy Law and Economic Process (1971), in which he focuses current economic problems on the divorce between economic theories and the enforcement of the laws of nature. 

For single-minded economists everything is a cycle of production and consumption, but for nature it does not constitute a cycle, it is only a one-way waste of energy and non-renewable natural resources in the time they are consumed. Ultimately, he envisioned a globalized world in which both, the economy and the environment would drift and only with the emergence of technologies capable of transforming nature lost patterns could be restored and life on earth possible. This is how in 1973 modern biotechnology emerged and in 1974 nanotechnology. The responses of both in areas such as food, energy, health and the environment, gradually gave rise to their respective economies, the bioeconomy and the nanoeconomy.  Today we can define the real bioeconomy as an economy based on biotechnology, capable of generating renewable natural resources in time and form with its collection of 65 million genes, and genetic engineering to respond to socioeconomic needs, such as demand for energy, food, decrease in health and environmental care expenses, in turn generating work and income in a sustainable way. The logic of the word economy seems to indicate a succession, after macro and microeconomics, towards a nanoeconomy; that is to say, to the study of the economy from the smallest link, from the daily small, an economy centered on the individual and on the needs of daily economic events. Summarizing. We can present the nanoeconomy as an economy built on the needs of the daily activities of the 7.5 billion people in the world, instead of the result of the actions of countries or companies. Nothing is as heterogeneous as providing answers to the daily economy of 7.5 billion people, nothing more complex than the number of possible combinations of existing atoms and molecules. Bioeconomy is capable of subordinating the economy to laws of nature, the nanoeconomy subordinates the construction of the economic world to the needs of each individual on the planet. It is a difficult construction, even more when no attempt was ever made to “visualize everyone” from the single thought economy, but it is possible and no more difficult than the nanotechnological constructions that are feasible  and in continuous development today. The bioeconomy and nanoeconomy from their productive capacity have originated the economy of new technologies; from the atom and the gene towards an economy conditioned only by nature and the needs of living beings. This leads to do the unfeasible viable and each area of ​​the planet can develop and live harmoniously without the need for large natural resources.

The recent pandemic put a stop to globalization and also to the increase in pollution. Countries closed, mass production stopped, energy consumption fell and even less pollution is noted. The recent pandemic put a stop to globalization and also to the increase in pollution. It is time for local, not global, development. The tools are in , it is the right time to change from the economy of globalization to the economy of new technologies centered on the person and nature.

Additional information:

Hacer viable lo inviable I., Hacer viable lo inviable II , Hemisferios. Ambiente y Sociedad.